What is the simplest type of organizational structure that extends authority directly from top to bottom?

The simplest type of organizational structure that extends authority directly from top to bottom is known as a line organization. This structure is characterized by a clear, unbroken chain of command where each level of the organization answers directly to the level above it. In this model, authority flows in a linear manner, allowing for straightforward communication and decision-making processes. Because of this direct hierarchical connection, line organizations are known for their efficiency and simplicity, making them particularly effective in smaller organizations or in environments where quick decision-making is essential.

In contrast to line organizations, staff, functional, and auxiliary organizations introduce layers of complexity, with staff roles providing support, functional divisions offering specialized expertise, and auxiliary layers adding additional operational support. These structures can improve the overall functioning of larger organizations but may also dilute accountability and complicate communication due to their multi-tiered nature.