Which organizational structure is limited to the particular activity over which a person has control?

The correct answer is related to the concept of functional organization, which is designed around the specialization of tasks and the expertise of individuals within the organization. In a functional organization, each member has a specific role that correlates with their particular skills, providing a clear understanding of responsibilities and maintaining focus on designated areas of expertise. This structure enhances efficiency because individuals can concentrate on specific activities where they hold control and proficiency, leading to improved performance in their specialized functions.

Organizations structured in this manner often create departments or units that focus on distinct tasks—such as human resources, finance, or marketing—allowing for effective management and optimization of those functions. This level of specialization not only streamlines operations but also facilitates better collaboration within the same functional area, as team members generally share knowledge and skills pertinent to their tasks.

In contrast, a staff organization typically involves positions that support line functions but do not hold controlling authority over tasks, which differs from the complete control found in a functional structure. Line organizations are characterized by a clear chain of command and decision-making authority, while auxiliary organizations provide additional support services but do not encapsulate the focus of the primary activities. Thus, the distinct nature of the functional organization is what makes it the correct choice.